Food…
You are probably thinking about it more than ever these days. With the pandemic sweeping across the globe we have all seen the impact it has had on the food system. From restaurants shutting down to empty grocery store shelves this pandemic has shaken the food system to its core. We have been given a glimpse into the inner workings of a system that usually delivers what we want when we want it without any hiccups. But just because it appears to be this indestructible behemoth of a system that is simply not true. The food system as we understand it is built of two separate supply chains. One chain that feeds into the grocery store system which caters to the home cooking crowd and one chain that feeds into the commercial food space. Commercial food for the purpose of this article includes restaurants, schools, prisons, event centers, and other large venues where lots of food is made. What the pandemic has done is thrown a wrench into the finely tuned food production and delivery system that is modern food. We have what is called a just in time delivery system. In most stores across the country there is roughly a three day supply of food on hand in the stores. This three day supply is based on the average food purchases that occur at that store. I will give you one guess about what happens when say a novel disease makes its world debut and people start to freak out. Suddenly that average consumption rate is useless, and stuff begins to fly off the shelves faster than it can be replenished. The emptiness then triggers more panic buying because omg there might not be enough food. Well that is both right and wrong. We are not going to run out of food in the short term there is plenty to go around. The immediate problem is that it isn’t going around as fast or as efficiently as before. That combined with the surge in demand has led to the current crunch in food supplies in some locations. The potential problem that worries me is the impact that this will have on future food supplies. Right now, we are living off the good times of years past but sooner than we think we will need to replenish that supply. In the normal course of things, spring is the time of year when crops are being planted, livestock is being born and we are laying the groundwork for next year's food. But this pandemic is wreaking havoc on certain parts that system, most notably the vegetable and fruit farms/orchards. These farming systems are still heavily reliant on manual human labor to plant and harvest the food. You can’t pick an apple or harvest lettuce with a machine. This pool of human labor is jeopardy because in many parts of the world these farmworkers are among the most vulnerable to getting this illness. They live and work in close conditions, in many cases have poor sanitation and they must travel to follow the various harvest seasons. You combine this with border closures that stop these workers from even getting to their worksites and you have a long term problem in the making. This problem is simple without the workers ever arriving, things do not get planted. If they do get planted but enough workers get too sick to work or even die, then the produce won’t be harvested in time or at all. This means the real impact on the food system is potentially sometime in the future when there really will be a food shortage of at least certain types of food. So what does this mean for the everyday person like you…. Well it means you should seriously consider trying to grow some food of your own. Every little bit helps and whatever you can do to stabilize your own food supply puts less strain on a system that will continue to be under a lot of strain for a while yet. Stay tuned for a series of posts going over several options for how to maximize your available growing space and what to grow in those spaces that will give you the most bang for your dollar.
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Having a garden is not just for those who have large plots of land that they can till up and plant seeds in. Even someone with no more space than a deck can have a bountiful container garden that can produce just as much and in some cases more than a garden planted in plain old dirt. This is possible because you can tailor the soil medium for maximum growth and place the pots where they can get the perfect amount of heat and sunlight.
There are a few things to consider when establishing a container garden.
Whether we realize it or not humans have been conducting a great experiment since the dawn of human civilization. This experiment has been to test just how far we as a species can exert our mastery over the planet and all its denizens. So far assuming you ask the people whose knowledge should be trusted in this area (aka scientists) this experiment has shown we are poor replacements for nature's natural equilibrium. This pandemic and the restrictions it imposes have transitioned us at least temporarily from the part of the experiment where,
To a place where we can just barely see a different version of the civilization experiment playing out. A time like this despite how terrible it is for so many people is also an opportunity to get a glimpse of an ecosystem that gets a break from all of humanities hustle and bustle. We have all seen the news reports of wild animals seen in places they have never been seen before and pollution free skies that allow sights to be seen that haven’t been visible for decades. This change even though it has been forced upon gives us a look at what the world could be if we put our civilization on a new path. One that prioritizes cleaner forms of energy, more local food supplies, sustainable cities and better long-distance transportation. If we applied ourselves along the power and knowledge we wield as a species, we could make what we are glimpsing our new future. This pandemic has taken human society and pulled back the blinds and started to shake us awake from a deep slumber. This is a good thing despite the pain it causes because we have been asleep for so long that the sheets are soiled, our collective hair is in need of a trim and we really need to clean ourselves up a bit. Right now, we lack the political and societal will to make this happen. We need to finish waking up as a species and realize the one thing that has always been true, We are not the masters of this planet At best we are a parasite leaching the life out of our host until we damage it beyond its ability to support us. We need to stop being a parasite and instead evolve into a symbiote one that makes this planet better than it could be without us. We have the technology and the knowledge to start on this path right now and the fallout from this pandemic gives us the chance to change our civilization for the better. As this current crisis ebbs, we cannot let things go back to business as usual. Business as usual is part of the reason we ended up in this situation in the first place. Our constant drive to recover new resources keeps pushing us into doing things and going places we should probably stay out of. As we begin to recover from this pandemic we need to change and become not the “masters” of this planet again but its stewards and to understand that we are a part of an even bigger experiment than the one we are conducting. We are part of the LIFE experiment on this planet, perhaps part of the only experiment in the universe where complex life has ever come about. Now I for one would like humans to stay a part of that experiment and to do the best that we can to ensure that LIFE succeeds in its many forms. So it is time to change our civilization experiment to better align with the experiment of LIFE so that we can continue to be a part of it instead of giving Mother Nature another reason to punch us in the face. So let’s take this glimpse of planet with a lighter touch from humanity and put it to good use and stop being so selfish and stupid for a change. That’s what I am going to try and do.
By now you have all seen it in your local grocery stores. The shortages of canned, frozen, and bulk food stuff just flying off the shelves because people are afraid that they won't have enough.
Well I got good news and I got bad news…. The good news is we are not going to run out of food at least not in the way you might be thinking. The bad news is we might run short of the food that makes life so much more flavorful and nutritious. To really explain this I am going to have to do a somewhat deep dive into how food is grown in modern agriculture and how food is harvested, shipped, stored and sold. To do this I am going to focus on 3 different common foods that all of us eat and that we have available to us pretty much year round in the developed world.
As I write this I am sitting at my kitchen table instead of my office because like a lot of the world right now I am working from home to help stop the spread of the coronavirus. Let me tell you I am not set up to work from home. All my chairs are too hard and the snacks are way too easy to get to. I am watching my waistline grow by the hour and I'm pretty sure I have worked myself right into feeling like crap from the stress and poor diet.
Of course it doesn't help that on top of being pretty much forced to stay home I am watching my investment portfolio take a pounding as the worldwide economy grinds to a halt and all my money loses value. Notice I said lose value and not lose money because as long as I don't sell anything I am not actually losing money. My money is still in the market and I still have the same shares in the economy that a couple weeks ago were pushing my net worth north of $100,000. What I need and what everyone needs right now is just a bit of patience and long term thinking to look past this current crisis and think about the future. Recession- a FIRE Perspective. People that aren't chasing FIRE will typically look at a what happens during a recession and have only one thing cross their minds I’M DOOOOOOOOOMMMMMMMEDDDDDD Because they have already lost their jobs, will lose their jobs, or there watching their investment/retirement portfolio tank. Now the first two are genuinely terrible things and my heart reaches out to all those that are in that situation. But that last one is a fallacy of the highest order and it is costing people so much money it a tragedy all its own. It is a tragedy because those losses didn't need to happen. Those “losses” you see on the computer screen are not real, they are what are called paper losses. They only become real when you panic sell your stake in the economy in a naive attempt to save your money. By selling at the bottom you are achieving exactly what you are trying to prevent. This whole thing can be prevented by being aware of this fact and keeping in mind probably the most useful advice anyone will ever give you. “This too shall pass” Unless western civilization as we know it comes crashing down around our heads eventually everything will recover and we will get back to living our lives. It might take awhile but we will get there. So being the savvy adherent to the FIRE principle that I am sure you are(or soon to be) what should you be doing during a recession? Well the simple answer is, Nothing… Assuming you have a,
Flexibility is Key While doing nothing is usually the best course, sometimes you have to make changes to fit what is happening in your life. The obvious and painful thing you need to be flexible around is losing a job. If you lose your job then by all means you should probably cancel automatic investments and take a look at your hopefully plump emergency fund and figure out your next step. But assuming you don't lose your job and you are confident you won’t then you can actually take advantage of a recession by pumping more money into your portfolio. You are probably thinking why would you put more money in during a recession? The answer is the very thing that has people selling stock like crazy. Stock is losing value as the economy slows down and companies contract. What that means is that stocks or an index fund that cost 100 dollars to buy before the recession now costs 70 dollars. That means it is on sale and you can purchase more shares for the same amount of money. What this means in the long run once things are on the upswing again is that you own more shares than you could have if the economy hadn’t gone into a tailspin. This means you will get more dividends and more growth into the future which means you will be richer sooner. But this opportunity to buy shares on sale is not something you should do if you have a small or non-existent emergency fund or if you have a job that is precarious in a recession. I personally am not able to do this in this current recession (spring 2020) because it has already been a expensive year for my family ie. (furnace tried to kill us so it was replaced) But in the future when the next one hits and another one is going to come I hope to be in the position I can take advantage of this sale on shares. So just to reiterate what you should do during a recession is the following,
Moral of the Story This recession and its cause are going to be a temporary thing so there is no reason to lose your wits and act like it is the end of the world. So relax, enjoy the ride and buy some discount index funds as long as you don't touch the emergency fund to do it. Another great article from Vox media that highlights the disparity of energy use between the top 10% of income earners and everyone else. Really open your eyes just how much privilege certain economic classes get in our society and what that privilege costs the rest of us.
Enjoy https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2020/3/20/21184814/climate-change-energy-income-inequality The basic premise of this Newsweek article is that all growth is not bad for the planet and all the living things on it. I will admit they lay out a good case and the numbers they present do look good. While I do agree with some of the point they make in the article I don't feel like it presents a broad enough picture of the impact we have when we grow as a species.
Still food for thought read the article and tell us what you think. https://www.newsweek.com/how-we-can-have-green-growth-increasing-human-population-prosperity-while-taking-better-care-1486342
To sum it up it has been one hell of an expensive month. In the past 30 days I have had the following unexpected expenses come out of the blue,
Yah that’s right I have had over 9,000 dollars in unplanned and unanticipated expenses come out of nowhere and punch my bank account right in the face. But despite all these unplanned expenses I am not going to go hungry, I am not going to miss a mortgage payment, and I am not going into any credit card or other debt because of all this.
I took the plunge this year and I decided to continue to ride my bike to work through the winter like I do in the summer. This decision was brought on by a couple of factors,
The topic of money or more precisely how to save your money has been overblown, made to be so much more complicated than it is. If you hop on the internet and look up how to save money you will be barraged with offers for high interest rates savings, investment funds and all sorts of people saying they are the best money managers in the world.
But when you get right down to it all the that is just noise and that noise stops you from hearing the simple truth about how to save money. The simple truth about how to save money can be summed up into two phrases · Pay yourself first · Don’t spend more than you make. It is really that simple Summer is of course gardening season and if you manage to get a bountiful harvest despite all the things that would set you back you need someway to save all of this produce. To that end I will be presenting you the definitive guide to preserving all sorts of food from the garden. Just kidding….. There is no way that I could cover all the things that could and should be done to safely preserve food. The knowledge of how to do this fills bookshelves in stores and your local library and all I will attempt to do here is give you a basic overview of the 4 most common types of food preservation. Below you will find a link to a article from the Vox website going over the findings of a report released by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) on how we need to change our land use practices to help combat climate change.
The moral of the story is that we in the Western world can no longer live like we do and we have to provide the developing world a different model to aspire to. If everyone on the planet lived like us we are screwed as a modern civilization. This report is yet another call from those who understand the problem that we need to change. It time to pull our collective heads out of the sand and start to use them. So get out there and plant tree, grow a garden, ditch you car as much as possible and try to eat more vegetables it is better for you and the planet. https://www.vox.com/2019/8/8/20758461/climate-change-report-2019-un-ipcc-land-food Now here is a record to be proud of. I we could aspire to Ethipoas standards when it come to environmental policy and just general give a crap we would all live in a much better world.
There is a link to the article below hope you enjoy it as much as I did. https://www.treehugger.com/conservation/ethiopia-plants-350-million-trees-day-breaks-world-record.html E bikes are rapidly becoming a viable form of transportation for anyone who lives in a city and for a fraction of the cost can compete with vehicles for ease of use and speed of getting from place to place.
But what precisely are e bikes and what should you be looking for when thinking about buying a e bike? I will endeavour to answer those questions without going to far into the details because trust me the details are many and well detailed. So I don't know about the rest of you but I have been one busy little person this spring and that is why the first post in weeks will be a short one. The weather finally got nice enough for me to get the rest of my garden in and as of today I get to enjoy the first "fruits" of my labor. Well not technically fruit I guess since its spinach that I will be eating but who cares about semantics right. This spinach will hopefully be the first harvest of a abundant year that got off to a really rough start. So for your viewing pleasure a picture of my spinach. So I have to apologize for that whole viewing pleasure comment above in retrospect it sounded a bit dirty but I just have to leave it in its to much fun.
Until next time Green Living Library. https://www.treehugger.com/culture/students-philippines-must-plant-10-trees-graduate.html
I wont go into to much details since you should just read it for yourself but what a great idea to engage and educate students of all ages in such a way.
What is spring so far am I right….
If you live in the Midwest of the United States like I do you most likely have had your fill of the this intense spring weather we have been experiencing. This weather which includes snow just a few days ago for me has been a huge cramp in my planting schedule for this spring. Normally by this time of year I have my entire garden planted and I have moved onto mowing grass and keeping up on other projects that always take up my spring. At this point I only have my onion, beets and spinach in the ground which is okay I guess since they can take all the cold crappy weather we have been having. But this late start got me thinking I have just essentially been robbed of about 20 days of my growing season and it left me with all sorts of questions like…. How is that going to affect my season? Will I be able to grow the long season crops that I want to? What should I grow to take advantage of what time I have left? Do I need to consider season extension this fall? Yes lots of questions…. Short Season Crops A spring like this calls for the planting of cool season and short season crops. These types of crops typically take 50-90 days to grow and produce a crop and some will keep producing as long as you keep harvesting. Plants to consider would include
Double Cropping/AKA Companion Planting When you are dealing with a shorter planting season one thing to think about is double cropping or companion planting. There are alot of crops out there that you can grow in the same space at the same time which or course means you can grow more in the same space. An example of this is the three sisters planting system attributed to the Native Americans in the USA. They would plant corn, climbing beans and squash in the same area and all three species complement each other and can be grown in the same space without interfering with each other. Season Extension Finally the big kahuna thing you can do to make up for this short season is the plan some sort of season extension device for the end on the season to try and get back some of this days in the fall. Season extension comes is three evermore expensive flavors for the home gardener. Low tunnels Low tunnels are basically little mini greenhouses created by installing metal or plastic hoops over the garden bed and then covering them with plastic. In the fall they work best for low growing and confined crops, think salads and root vegetables. Most everything else is too big or spread out by this time of the growing year to work. They are great season extenders for pretty much everything in the spring since everything is small that time of year. High Tunnels Like I am sure you guessed from the the name high tunnels are like low tunnels except they are much bigger. These are made in much the same way as low tunnels with larger stronger hoops and more supports. These can be used almost like actually greenhouse but they are not a durable or as easy to control temperature. The advantage of these over low tunnels is that they can contain pretty much every crop you can grow and with a larger area protected they are less prone to large temperature swings. Greenhouses Finally you have greenhouses which come in lot of different varieties and purposes. The upside to these is you can really control the temperature in these much better than when compared to the the tunnel structures. This downside to them however is that they are relatively permanent structures and they will be in that spot for a long time. You can work around this depending on your situation but for most part you are stuck with wherever you build it. The moral of the story With that good luck on your gardening endeavours and I hope the summer turns out to be better than this spring has been. For more information like this check out other articles here on the Green Living LIbrary As you probably know by now the acronym F.I.R.E stands for, Financial Independence Retire Early On the face of it this is great acronym because it really sums up what the movement is in neat little phrase you can use to remind yourself what you are trying to do. The first part of the acronym is pretty clear to most people I think. Financial independence basically means you want to have enough money coming in from investments or other sources of passive income that you do not need to work to make ends meet. Retire Early The second part of the acronym is less clear to most people since what they understand as retirement is not what they want to do or what they see financially independent people do. When most people consider the phrase retire early they think, · Lounging on a beach · Playing endless rounds of golf · Constant traveling · Other leisure related activities But if you are only 45 years old when you retire do you really think that you are going to just play golf or sit on a beach all day. Probably not…. What’s more likely is right after you “retire” you will take some time off to sit on a beach or play lots of golf but after a couple months of that you are probably just going to be bored of doing that. Humans beings are not wired to just sit around and do nothing and people that were able to work hard and retire much earlier than usual are even less likely to just sit around. So get they get off their duff and they pursue what they enjoy doing. Well a funny thing happens when you get to do something you enjoy all the time. You tend to get really good at whatever it is you are doing. When you are good at something people take notice and if that something you are good at can be sold as a product or service pretty soon you have people asking you to do that very thing you enjoy doing for, MONEY…. So now you are “retired” but every now and then you get asked for help with something and then you get payed for your time or what you produce. Does that mean you are still retired? A lot of people out there will start to cry foul right about now saying that no you are not retired because you are getting payed to do work. But that is very narrow way of looking at retirement. Why does retirement mean the absence of work? All retirement really is is that you don’t have to work to meet your living expenses. By that definition once you have reached financial independence you are retired. What being retired really means is that you are free to pursue what you want to do. That can mean sitting on beach or traveling but it can also mean starting a 2 acre urban farm (my dream by the way) where you spend all summer growing and selling delicious food. Just because I don’t need the money from my farm that doesn’t mean I don’t deserve to profit from my time and expertise. So yes, you can be “retired” and still make money there is nothing wrong with that. But since there is so much hang up on the term Retire Early it might be time to ditch the retirement part of FIRE and call it something else. To that end I give you F.I.F.E Financial Independence Freedom Early Because that is all it really is you are pursuing financial independence so you can have the freedom to live your life that way to want to live it. FIRE is not about retiring it is about buying your freedom from the rat race of having to do something you don’t enjoy doing anymore. So if you get hung up the retire portion of the FIRE movement then just substitute the R for and F and you will get to the exact same place without the emotional angst. I however will be sticking with the acronym of FIRE because I have no problem understanding what the retire early portion of it really means. Plus I really like how it sounds in my head when I am considering a potentially superfluous purchase. When I am considering buying something useless I just whisper, FIRE,FIRE,FIRE To myself which reminds me what I really want from my life and to not waste it on something that wont bring real value to me. The data is in organic food can feed the world assuming the following, · Everyone become vegetarian or vegan · We reduce food waste by 50% · 100% reduction in land used to grow animals. Wheeew that seems to be a bit of a problem since the consumption of meat is going up as more countries reach a higher standard of living. What we need to do and what we’re doing are two lines on a graph getting farther apart as more time passes. But all is not lost so do not fear It is my position that organic farming can feed the world when combined with technology, development of new crop varieties and a frank assessment of how food is grown around the world. Depending on who you ask there is no way that organic farming can feed the 10 billion+ people that are predicted to be alive by 2050. (Looking at you Big AG) But the really stupid thing about that statement is we aren’t feeding the 7,701,039,711 people that are alive right now and it has nothing to do with how much food we grow. We grow enough food to give everyone on this planet enough to eat right now but as of 2016 around 11% of the world doesn’t get enough food to meet basic calorie needs. They don’t get fed because of the following, · They can’t afford it (all hail the almighty dollar) · They lack the knowledge, ability or money to grow it themselves · We waste 1/3 of all food grown · Regional conflicts cut off supplies of food The same people that will say that organic cannot feed the world will also trot out the studies that show that on average organic farming is 20% less production than conventional farming. While I do not dispute the accuracy of that research I fail to understand why it matters. I say this because the reasons people go hungry has nothing to do with how much food is grown. Take food waste for example globally with we waste 1/3 aka 33% percent of the all the food grown. Now some of this waste is unavoidable, bad weather ruins a crop or it is destroyed by fire or infested with rodents etc. But a lot of it is wasted especially in the western world because it is not pretty enough and it’s thrown out before it even gets to the person who will eat it. Food waste is a problem we can tackle with better application of technology we already have like better weather forecasting, harvest, storage and transportation equipment and education to individuals and groups on how to grow transport and process food. The unfair comparison of conventional to organic yields I want to talk a little bit more about the often cited 20% shortfall of yield when comparing organic to conventional agriculture. Comparing the two systems I believe is inherently unfair to the organic system of growing food. While both systems grow food for the consumption of humans/livestock that is where the similarities typically end and the differences begin to emerge. Laid out in the table above you can see some of the widely accepted goals of the two systems. When you look at the broad sweep of goals espoused by organic agriculture it’s no surprise that the yield is less than conventional Ag. When the only thing you worry about is yield then of course you are going to have a higher yield. This difference is made even starker when you look at the recent history of conventional agriculture. Most of the effort to improve agriculture has been geared towards supporting and improving a system that has the singular goal of improving yield. Crops were developed that produced higher and higher yields but only with the addition of chemical fertilizers to boost growth and other chemicals to control insects and diseases. Where is the industry that supports the development of crops that can naturally deter insects and resist disease without chemical inputs? Well it doesn’t exist because the same companies that develop the wonder seeds are the same ones that sell the chemicals. There is not much profit in selling hardy seeds when you can sell not so hardy seeds and chemicals to make them better. Organic Yields are not as low as they seem. So while opponents of organic farming love to trot out the 20% smaller yield number it’s really not always that low when compared to conventional farming. For example many studies have shown that soybean, field peas and other legumes show equal yields to conventional farming. For other types of crops the yield gap can be reduced to 10% by using cover crops and rotating what you grow in the field. This means that for a measly 10% loss in yield on some crops we could grow our food in a way that enhances soil, sequesters carbon, empowers local family farms and provides us with chemical free all natural food. Going Vegetarian The other claim that everyone would have to go vegetarian is not without some merit. It takes a lot of land, water and other resources to raise the amount of meat that is currently consumed in the world. As much as I love a good burger I know that as an American I eat way too much meat and that I really need to eat more veggies fruits and other plant based foods. Not only is my meat heavy diet bad for the planet it is also been well documented that it is bad for my personal health as well. 10 Billion People The big scare at the center of this whole debate of course is the number of people that are expected to be here in 30 more years. The ironic thing about this is that the rate of population growth is actually shrinking rather dramatically. It is down from 2.09% per year in 1968 to around 1% right now. That being said there are certain areas of the world that are still have a rapid growth rate and of course these same areas are already some of the hardest hit with food issues. But if things keep improving with education, technology and maybe even social justice worldwide we could get to place where we don’t even reach 10 billion and the population naturally falls over time to a number we can easily feed. That is playing the long game and is most likely not something that you or I will see but it is a possibility. Feeding the World Organically Feeding the world in an organic way is not only possible but most likely needed if we are to continue to grow enough food to feed everyone. We cannot continue to degrade the soil and damage the biosphere that supports us if we expect to continue to survive as a species. Sources: https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/ https://www.cnn.com/2013/08/20/world/famine-fast-facts/index.html https://www.worldhunger.org/world-hunger-and-poverty-facts-and-statistics/ https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/3-big-myths-about-modern-agriculture1/ http://blogs.worldbank.org/futuredevelopment/rapid-slowdown-population-growth A Brief History
The Mason jar the humble container used for canning and preserving food is capable of being used for so much more than just canning. They were created by a fellow named John Landis Mason back in the 1858 and were among the first types of jars used to preserve food. There were earlier examples of canning food in jars to preserve it but with the advent of the screw on ring and lid really caused the practice to take off. Today is April 22nd also know as Earth Day.
While perhaps not the famous of holidays Earth Day is important because it asks us to stop and take a look around and figure what we can do today to help protect and improve the environment that supports us. So if you have time do something nice for the planet today like picking up trash in your neighborhood, planting a tree, or make a pledge to only use reusable containers please do it. The environment we live in is important without it we cannot survive. So be selfish and at least do something that will make sure you are breathing cleaner air and drinking clean water. So spring is finally upon us again and you are starting to think about what needs to get the garden planted this spring. There are several things you can do right now to get the process going long before the weather is warm enough outside for the early spring crops.
So I have a serious question for you.
Have you ever considered riding a bicycle to work? For most of you if you have a car the answer is no why would I bike when I have a car. Well there are lots of good reasons to ride a bike for you daily commute and in this post I will go over my three favorite ones. Check out this article from Atlas Obscura that talks about the agriculture practice of food forests. I have talked about them a bit here at the Green Living Library but this article really brings the whole concept into light.
https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/what-is-permaculture-food-forests?utm_source=Atlas+Obscura+Daily+Newsletter&utm_campaign=02bc067de7-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_04_03&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_f36db9c480-02bc067de7-66632557&ct=t(EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_04_03_2019)&mc_cid=02bc067de7&mc_eid=50f86869b So you have been bitten by the FIRE bug and now you want to do your best to try to minimize your expenses and save more of your hard earned money. But since you are currently reading this post I would assume you need a few ideas for what to do. |
AuthorHello my name is Josh Larson and I am the creator of the Green Living Library. Here on the blog you will find updates to content found in the Green Living Library as well as stories from those living the sustainable life already. Archives
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